Guld - Alle 251 ETF'er på et øjeblik

Navn	Aktivklasse	AUM	Gns. Volumen	Udbyder	ExpenseRatio	Investeringssegment	Indeks	Etableringsdato	NAV	KBV	P/E (Pris/indtjening)
KIM ACE KRX Physical Gold ETF 411060.KQ KR7411060007	Råvarer	4,119 Bio.	-	ACE	0,50	Guld	KRX Gold Spot Index - KRW - Benchmark TR Gross	15.12.2021	30.486,56	0	0
Japan Physical Gold ETF 1540.T JP3047190008	Råvarer	1,597 Bio.	-	MUFG	0	Guld	MUFG TOCOM Gold Index - JPY Return	30.6.2010	22.555,68	0	0
Mirae Asset TIGER Gold Spot ETF Units 0072R0.KQ KR70072R0006	Råvarer	1,146 Bio.	-	Tiger ETF	0,15	Guld	KRX Gold Spot Index - KRW - Benchmark Price Return	24.6.2025	14.598,01	0	0
Samsung KODEX Gold Futures Special Asset ETF 132030.KQ KR7132030008	Råvarer	435,775 mia.	-	KODEX	0,68	Guld	S&P GSCI Gold	1.10.2010	26.608,94	0	0
SAMSUNG KODEX Global Gold Active ETF Units 0064K0.KQ KR70064K0003	Råvarer	233,765 mia.	-	KODEX	0,30	Guld		17.6.2025	14.239,95	0	0
Wisdomtree Physical Gold - GBP Daily Hedged GBSP.L JE00B7VG2M16	Råvarer	232,444 mia.	-	WisdomTree	0,12	Guld	MS Long Gold British Pound Hedged Index - GBP	19.3.2013	2.360,50	0	0
SPDR Gold Shares 82840.HK US78463V1070	Råvarer	160,918 mia.	10,084 mio.	SPDR	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	18.11.2004	423,93	0	0
SPDR Gold Shares GLD US78463V1070	Råvarer	160,918 mia.	10,084 mio.	SPDR	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	18.11.2004	423,93	0	0
SPDR Gold Shares 9840.HK US78463V1070	Råvarer	160,918 mia.	10,084 mio.	SPDR	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	18.11.2004	423,93	0	0
MIRAE ASSET TIGER GOLD FUTURES ETF(H) 319640.KQ KR7319640009	Råvarer	139,878 mia.	-	Tiger ETF	0	Guld	S&P GSCI Gold	9.4.2019	27.870,74	0	0
NEXT NOTES Nikkei-TOCOM Leveraged Gold ETN 2036.T JP5528240004	Råvarer	97,002 mia.	-	NEXT NOTES	0	Guld	Nikkei-JPX Leveraged Gold Index - JPY - Benchmark TR Gross	19.4.2013	215.009,05	0	0
Nippon India ETF Gold BeES 590095.BO INF204KB17I5	Råvarer	87,452 mia.	-	Nippon	0,79	Guld	MCX Gold (INR/10g)	8.3.2007	52,95	0	0
iShares Gold Trust IAU US4642852044	Råvarer	73,072 mia.	8,216 mio.	iShares	0,25	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	21.1.2005	86,82	0,89	5,53
iShares Gold ETF Units 314A.T JP3050630007	Råvarer	70,557 mia.	-	iShares	0,22	Guld	LBMA Gold Price Index - JPY - Benchmark Price Return	14.1.2025	332,26	0	0
NEXT FUNDS Gold Price Exchange Traded Fund 1328.T JP3046490003	Råvarer	57,401 mia.	-	NEXT FUNDS	0,50	Guld	London Gold Fix (PM)	2.8.2007	17.402,52	0	0
Bosera Gold Exchange Traded Securities Investment Fund Units 159937.SZ CN0009239244	Råvarer	44,701 mia.	-	Bosera	0	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM CNY Return	13.8.2014	9,86	0	0
NEW GOLD ISSUER LTD. GLD.JO ZAE000060067	Råvarer	40,338 mia.	-	ABSA	0	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM ($/ozt)	1.11.2004	696,32	0	0
UTI Gold ETF GOLDSHARE.BO INF789F1AUX7	Råvarer	36,662 mia.	-	UTI	1,13	Guld	MCX Gold (INR/10g)	17.4.2007	119,56	0	0
iShares Physical Gold ETC IGLN.L IE00B4ND3602	Råvarer	36,481 mia.	-	iShares	0,12	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	8.4.2011	89,50	0	0
Guotai Gold ETF 518800.SS CNE0999004M2	Råvarer	32,82 mia.	-	Guotai	0,60	Guld	Shanghai Gold Exchange Index - CNY - Benchmark TR Gross	18.7.2013	9,76	0	0
KIM ACE Synth-Gold Futures Leverage ETF(H) 225130.KQ KR7225130004	Råvarer	30,94 mia.	-	ACE	0,49	Guld	S&P GSCI GOLD Index Excess Return - KRW - Benchmark Price Return	28.7.2015	61.553,90	0	0
Invesco Physical Gold ETC SGLD.L IE00B579F325	Råvarer	30,877 mia.	-	Invesco	0,12	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	24.6.2009	443,83	0	0
SPDR Gold Minishares Trust of beneficial interest GLDM US98149E3036	Råvarer	27,959 mia.	5,427 mio.	SPDR	0,10	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	25.6.2018	91,27	0	0
GOLDIST - Istanbul Gold ETF GLDTR.F.IS TRYFNBK00055	Råvarer	24,12 mia.	-	Finans Asset Management	0,47	Guld	Finans Asset Management Gold IndexY	28.9.2006	529,66	0	0
Borse Commodities GmbH Xetra-Gold 4GLD.DE DE000A0S9GB0	Råvarer	22,125 mia.	-	Xetra	0,36	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM (EUR/ozt)	29.11.2007	127,78	0	0
ChinaAMC Gold ETF 518850.SS CNE100003VD9	Råvarer	13,323 mia.	-	ChinaAMC	0,60	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM CNY Return	13.4.2020	9,95	0	0
Amundi Physical Gold ETC GOLD.PA FR0013416716	Råvarer	12,796 mia.	-	Amundi	0,12	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	21.5.2019	182,78	0	0
Yuanta S&P GSCI Gold ER Futures ETF 00635U.TW TW00000635U2	Råvarer	10,62 mia.	-	Yuanta	1,15	Guld	S&P GSCI Gold Excess Return Index - TWD - Benchmark TR Gross	1.4.2015	49,37	0	0
Yuanta S&P GSCI Gold 2x Leveraged Index ER Futures ETF 00708L.TW TW00000708L6	Råvarer	8,638 mia.	-	Yuanta	1,15	Guld	S&P GSCI Gold 2x Leveraged Index - TWD - Benchmark TR Net	23.8.2017	102,17	0	0
WisdomTree Physical Gold PHAU.L JE00B1VS3770	Råvarer	8,137 mia.	-	WisdomTree	0,39	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	24.4.2007	428,55	0	0
abrdn Physical Gold Shares ETF SGOL US00326A1043	Råvarer	7,874 mia.	5,076 mio.	aberdeen	0,17	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	9.9.2009	43,94	0	0
Xtrackers IE Physical Gold ETC XGDU.L DE000A2T0VU5	Råvarer	7,701 mia.	-	Xtrackers	0,11	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	22.4.2020	70,94	0	0
Xtrackers IE Physical Gold ETC XGDU.DE DE000A2T0VU5	Råvarer	7,701 mia.	-	Xtrackers	0,11	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	22.4.2020	70,94	0	0
Swisscanto (CH) Gold ETF EA CHF ZGLD.SW CH0139101593	Råvarer	7,05 mia.	-	Swisscanto	0,40	Guld	ICE London Gold (PM Fixing CHF/ozt)	14.3.2006	1.097,86	0	0
Fullgoal Shanghai Gold Exchange Traded Fund 518680.SS CNE100003V27	Råvarer	6,688 mia.	-	Fullgoal	0,60	Guld	Shanghai Gold Centralized Pricing Contract - CNY - Benchmark TR Gross	6.7.2020	10,31	0	0
ICBC Credit Suisse Gold ETF 518660.SS CNE100003XT1	Råvarer	6,634 mia.	-	ICBC	0,60	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM CNY Return	24.4.2020	9,29	0	0
iShares Gold Trust Micro ETF of Benef Interest IAUM US46436F1030	Råvarer	6,621 mia.	2,358 mio.	iShares	0,09	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	15.6.2021	45,96	0	0
Global X Physical Gold Structured GOLD.AX AU00000GOLD7	Råvarer	6,487 mia.	-	Global X	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM - AUD - Benchmark Price Return	28.3.2003	63,21	141,74	0
UBS ETF (CH) - UBS Gold ETF -USD dis- AUUSI.SW CH0106027193	Råvarer	6,363 mia.	-	UBS	0,23	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	6.1.2010	147,46	0	0
WisdomTree Physical Swiss Gold SGBS.L JE00B588CD74	Råvarer	5,654 mia.	-	WisdomTree	0,15	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	16.12.2009	441,03	0	0
Swisscanto (CH) Gold ETF EA USD ZGLDUS.SW CH0047533549	Råvarer	5,554 mia.	-	Swisscanto	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	15.1.2009	4.299,06	0	0
E Fund Gold Theme Stock Fund (LOF) 159934.SZ —	Råvarer	5,289 mia.	-	E Fund	0,60	Guld	Shanghai Gold Exchange Index - CNY - Benchmark TR Gross	29.11.2013	4,85	0	0
Gold Bullion Securities GBS.L GB00B00FHZ82	Råvarer	4,688 mia.	-	WisdomTree	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	31.3.2004	421,93	0	0
Value Gold ETF HKD 3081.HK HK0000071313	Råvarer	4,279 mia.	-	Value ETF	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM ($/ozt)	3.11.2010	21,65	0	0
EUWAX Gold II EWG2.SG DE000EWG2LD7	Råvarer	3,728 mia.	-	Euwax	0	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM (EUR/ozt)	9.10.2017	124,44	0	0
Gold - Trend ETF LBMA Ouro Fundo Investimento Cotas de Fundo de Indice Investiment Exterior GOLD11.SA BRGOLDCTF015	Råvarer	3,439 mia.	-	Trend ETF	0	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	11.12.2020	25,59	0	0
Samsung KODEX Gold Inverse Futures ETF(H) 280940.KQ KR7280940008	Råvarer	2,976 mia.	-	KODEX	0,45	Guld	S&P GSCI Gold	9.11.2017	3.277,56	0	0
Swisscanto (CH) Gold ETF EAH CHF ZGLDHC.SW CH0139101601	Råvarer	2,938 mia.	-	Swisscanto	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	7.1.2010	948,19	0	0
Xtrackers Physical Gold ETC (EUR) XAD5.DE DE000A1E0HR8	Råvarer	2,866 mia.	-	Xtrackers	0,25	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	27.8.2010	442,22	0	0
Goldman Sachs Physical Gold ETF AAAU US38150K1034	Råvarer	2,748 mia.	1,965 mio.	Goldman Sachs	0,18	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	26.7.2018	45,50	0	0
VanEck Merk Gold ETF OUNZ US9210781012	Råvarer	2,65 mia.	983.431,6	VanEck	0,25	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	16.5.2014	44,12	0,90	6,97
UBS Gold hCHF ETF Units -CHF dis- AUCHAH.SW CH0106027128	Råvarer	2,5 mia.	-	UBS	0,23	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	17.12.2009	152,66	0	0
iShares Gold Bullion ETF Hedged CGL.TO CA46432D2014	Råvarer	2,434 mia.	-	iShares	0,55	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	28.5.2009	35,52	0	0
Swisscanto (CH) Gold ETF EA EUR ZGLDEU.SW CH0047533523	Råvarer	2,205 mia.	-	Swisscanto	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM (EUR/ozt)	15.1.2009	3.708,14	0	0
Xtrackers Physical Gold EUR Hedged ETC XAD1.DE DE000A1EK0G3	Råvarer	2,133 mia.	-	Xtrackers	0,59	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	15.6.2010	264,74	0	0
Wisdomtree Core Physical Gold WGLD.L JE00BN2CJ301	Råvarer	2,104 mia.	-	WisdomTree	0,12	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	3.12.2020	458,14	0	0
Wisdomtree Core Physical Gold WGLD.DE JE00BN2CJ301	Råvarer	2,104 mia.	-	WisdomTree	0,12	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	3.12.2020	458,14	0	0
1nvestGold ETF ETFGLD.JO ZAE000182523	Råvarer	1,913 mia.	-	1nvest	0	Guld	Gold Spot Index - Benchmark Price Return	7.4.2014	728,86	0	0
iShares Gold ETF (CH) Class A CSGOLD.SW CH0104136236	Råvarer	1,645 mia.	-	iShares	0,19	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	5.10.2009	441,13	0	0
Royal Mint Responsibly Sourced Physical Gold ETC RMAU.L XS2115336336	Råvarer	1,642 mia.	-	HANetf	0,25	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	12.2.2020	45,47	0	0
GraniteShares Gold Shares BAR US38748G1013	Råvarer	1,597 mia.	742.600,1	GraniteShares	0,17	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	31.8.2017	45,43	0	0
BetaShares Gold Bullion ETF - Currency Hedged QAU.AX AU000000QAU7	Råvarer	1,526 mia.	-	BetaShares	0,59	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM ($/ozt)	3.5.2011	36,91	0	0
BMO Gold Bullion ETF ZGLD.TO CA05611P2035	Råvarer	1,475 mia.	-	BMO	0,23	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	8.3.2024	68,92	0	0
Harvest Shanghai Gold Exchange Traded Fund Units 159831.SZ CNE100005949	Råvarer	1,468 mia.	-	Harvest	0,60	Guld	Shanghai Gold Centralized Pricing Contract - CNY - Benchmark TR Gross	23.3.2022	9,96	0	0
China Southern Shanghai Gold ETF 159834.SZ CNE100005832	Råvarer	1,434 mia.	-	China Southern	0,60	Guld	Shanghai Gold Centralized Pricing Contract - CNY - Benchmark TR Gross	3.3.2021	10,29	0	0
WisdomTree Physical Gold - EUR Daily Hedged GBSE.MI JE00B8DFY052	Råvarer	1,394 mia.	-	WisdomTree	0,22	Guld	MS Long Gold Euro Hedged Index - EUR	17.5.2013	24,53	0	0
QHKY Gold ETF 159812.SZ CNE100004512	Råvarer	1,263 mia.	-	First Seafront	0,60	Guld	Shanghai Gold Exchange Index - CNY - Benchmark TR Gross	29.4.2020	9,84	0	0
Xtrackers IE Physical Gold EUR Hedged ETC XGDE.DE DE000A2T5DZ1	Råvarer	1,218 mia.	-	Xtrackers	0,24	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	20.5.2020	56,70	0	0
ProShares Ultra Gold UGL US74347W6012	Råvarer	1,191 mia.	3,088 mio.	ProShares	0,95	Guld	Bloomberg Gold Subindex	1.12.2008	62,59	0	0
Canadian Gold Reserves ETR MNT.TO CA7799211056	Råvarer	1,181 mia.	-	Royal Canadian Mint	0	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM CAD	29.11.2011	66,61	3,63	10,61
Swisscanto (CH) Gold ETF EAH EUR ZGLDHE.SW CH0103326762	Råvarer	1,137 mia.	-	Swisscanto	0,40	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	7.1.2010	2.285,48	0	0
Shinhan SOL Global Gold FoFs ETF Units 0066W0.KQ KR70066W0007	Råvarer	1,101 mia.	-	Shinhan	0,30	Guld		17.6.2025	14.347,89	0	0
KTAM Gold ETF Tracker GLD.BK THSPDR070012	Råvarer	1,066 mia.	-	KTAM	4,28	Guld	LBMA Gold Price AM THB Return	8.8.2011	5,71	0	0
State Street SPDR Gold ETF (JPY Unhedged) Units 447A.T JP3050970007	Råvarer	969,289 mio.	-	State Street	0,07	Guld	LBMA Gold Price Index - JPY - Benchmark TR Net	17.11.2025	291,52	0	0
UBS Gold hEUR ETF Units -EUR dis- AUEUAH.SW CH0106027144	Råvarer	926,563 mio.	-	UBS	0,23	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	25.1.2010	119,51	0	0
NEXT NOTES Gold Futures Bear ETN 2037.T JP5528250003	Råvarer	887,76 mio.	-	NEXT NOTES	0,80	Guld	Nikkei-JPX Inverse Gold Index - JPY - Benchmark TR Gross	4.4.2013	1.284,17	0	0
EUWAX Gold GOLD.SG DE000EWG0LD1	Råvarer	861,82 mio.	-	Euwax	0	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM (EUR/ozt)	15.8.2012	124,46	0	0
iShares Gold Bullion ETF Non-Hedged CGL.C.TO CA46432D1024	Råvarer	804,738 mio.	-	iShares	0,55	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM CAD	31.3.2011	53,73	0	0
iShares Physical Gold GBP Hedged ETC IGLG.L IE000Q2P3ZQ3	Råvarer	797,143 mio.	-	iShares	0	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	5.7.2022	73,69	0	0
Invesco Physical Gold Eur Hedged ETC SGLE.MI XS2183935274	Råvarer	794,997 mio.	-	Invesco	0,35	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	9.7.2020	105,42	0	0
Solid Gold Responsibly Sourced & Traceable USD Class A RGRTU.SW CH1122756740	Råvarer	785,092 mio.	-	Raiffeisen	0,32	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	11.5.2021	1.465,07	0	0
State Street SPDR Gold ETF (JPY Hedged) Units 448A.T JP3050980006	Råvarer	697,579 mio.	-	State Street	0,07	Guld	LBMA Gold Price Index - JPY - Benchmark TR Net	17.11.2025	284,15	0	0
iShares Gold CHF Hedged ETF (CH) CSGLDC.SW CH0104136285	Råvarer	688,215 mio.	-	iShares	0,22	Guld	London Gold Price PM (AM) (Hedged into CHF) Index	5.10.2009	294,59	0	0
Shinhan SOL Global Gold Covered Call Active ETF Units 0022T0.KQ KR70022T0005	Råvarer	663,607 mio.	-	SOL	0,45	Guld		11.3.2025	15.035,67	0	0
Raiffeisen ETF - Solid Gold Responsibly Sourced & Traceable RGRTH.SW CH1122756732	Råvarer	659,723 mio.	-	Raiffeisen	0,32	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	12.12.2011	1.124,04	0	0
Xtrackers Physical Gold ETC 2010-15.6.60 Physical Gold Commodity XGLD.L GB00B5840F36	Råvarer	582,082 mio.	-	Xtrackers	0,25	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	15.6.2010	441,96	0	0
Global X Gold Bullion ETF Units GXLD.AX AU0000328262	Råvarer	533,892 mio.	-	Global X	0,15	Guld	Solactive Gold Spot London Close Index - AUD - Benchmark TR Net	29.4.2024	68,82	0	0
Yuanta S&P GSCI Gold 1x Inverse ER Futures ETF 00674R.TW TW00000674R7	Råvarer	509,388 mio.	-	Yuanta	1,15	Guld	S&P GSCI Gold 1x Inverse Index ER - Benchmark TR Net	30.9.2016	5,52	0	0
Franklin Responsibly Sourced Gold ETF FGDL US35473M1053	Råvarer	506,699 mio.	57.343,93	Franklin	0,15	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	30.6.2022	61,42	0	0
Purpose Gold Bullion Fund KILO.TO CA74642E3068	Råvarer	499,686 mio.	-	Purpose	0,23	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	31.10.2018	65,96	0	0
Xtrackers IE Physical Gold GBP Hedged ETC Underlying Tracker 2020-23.05.80 (Exp.08.04.80) on Gold Secured XGDG.L DE000A2UDH48	Råvarer	478,51 mio.	-	Xtrackers	0,33	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	22.5.2020	53,63	0	0
Swisscanto ETF Precious Metal Physical Gold JBGOUA.SW CH0044781141	Råvarer	472,073 mio.	-	Swisscanto	0,41	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	24.10.2008	1.757,46	0	0
iShares Physical Metals Plc IGLD.L IE0009JOT9U1	Råvarer	407,165 mio.	-	iShares	0,20	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	5.7.2022	81,44	0	0
Swisscanto ETF Precious Metal Physical Gold JBGOCA.SW CH0044781232	Råvarer	382,353 mio.	-	Swisscanto	0,41	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	24.10.2008	1.458,43	0	0
IShares Physical Gold ETF Exchange Traded Fund Units GLDN.AX AU0000292930	Råvarer	381,949 mio.	-	iShares	0,18	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM - USD - Benchmark TR Net	27.10.2023	54,80	0	0
iShares Gold EUR Hedged ETF (CH) CSGLDE.SW CH0104136319	Råvarer	365,051 mio.	-	iShares	0,22	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM Hedged to EUR - EUR	5.10.2009	229,88	0	0
Raiffeisen ETF - Solid Gold Ounces Klasse -A CHF Hedged RGLDO.SW CH0134034849	Råvarer	347,582 mio.	-	Raiffeisen	0,27	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM ($/ozt)	12.12.2011	3.505,15	0	0
Purpose Gold Bullion Fund Trust Units -Non-Currency Hedged- KILO.B.TO CA74642E1088	Råvarer	340,924 mio.	-	Purpose	0,22	Guld	LBMA Gold Price PM CAD	31.10.2018	75,72	0	0
NEOS Gold High Income ETF IAUI US78433H5506	Råvarer	310,75 mio.	146.271,3	Neos	0,78	Guld		5.6.2025	58,58	0	0
DB Gold Double Long Exchange Traded Notes DGP US25154H7492	Råvarer	303,668 mio.	20.112,66	DB	0,75	Guld	Deutsche Bank Liquid Commodity Index - Optimum Yield Gold	27.2.2008	183,80	0	0

Rechner

Aktiefinder

Insiderkøb

Udbyttekalender

Kvartalstal

Økonomisk kalender

Makrodata

Idéer

Sektorer

Guld - Alle 251 ETF'er på et øjeblik

Trusted by leading companies and financial institutions