ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš

23,8 % ร˜-Performance der Fair-Value-Strategie seit 2003
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืž-2 ืื™ืจื•
Analyse
ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช

ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ

ืฉืขืจ

96.2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ +/-
+2.1 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ %
+2.21 %

ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘-ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื 96.2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘-ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœ ืœ-96.2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘-1.3.2025, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” 94.1 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘-1.2.2025. ืž-1.1.1962 ืขื“ 1.3.2025, ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘-ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” 62.66 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘-1.11.2017 ืขื 105.3 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืฉื ื‘-1.2.1962 ืขื 17 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.

ืžืงื•ืจ: Deutsche Bundesbank

ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ

  • ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื

  • 25 ืฉื ื”

  • ืžืงืก

ืชืคื•ืงื”

ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ืชืืจื™ืšืขืจืš
1.3.202596.2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.2.202594.1 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.1.202595.6 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.12.202492.3 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.11.202494.1 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.10.202494.3 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.9.202493 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.8.202494.9 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.7.202492.7 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.6.202493.7 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1
2
3
4
5
...
76

ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ-ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ

ืฉืื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืงื•ื“ืืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”
83.46 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 83.12 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
2.963 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 2.93 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื
66 Years66 Yearsืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ื’ื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืœื ืฉื™ื
66 Years66 Yearsืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
646,070 642,540 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”
29.527 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 29.307 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช
12.228 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 12.102 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
45.849 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 45.843 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
119.3 points117.2 pointsืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืฉื›ืจ
2.5 %2.9 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืž
34,000 6,000 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืขืกื•ืงื”
0 %0 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”
6.3 %6.3 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื‘ื˜ืœืช ื ื•ืขืจ
6.3 %6.3 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“
3.5 %3.5 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš
0.9 %0.9 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
80.5 %80.3 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”
77.8 %77.4 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช
2.7 %3.2 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื›ืจ
4,479 EUR/Month4,244 EUR/Monthืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
100.98 points115.58 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช
ืฉื›ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื
12.82 EUR/Hour12.41 EUR/Hourืฉื ืชื™

ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื.

ื“ืคื™ ืžืืงืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”

ืžื”ื• ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ

ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื”. ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ eulerpool ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืง, ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•. ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขืจืš ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืง, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื”ื“ื•ืง ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื›ืฉืžืฉืง ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช. ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืœืฉืขื”. ืชืคื•ืงื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉืง, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชืคื•ืงื” ืœืฉืขื” ืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืกืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืช. ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ (Marginal Productivity). ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžืฉืื‘ ืื—ืช, ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœืžืงื ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืžืช ืฉื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช (Externalities), ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ eulerpool ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืœืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืจืžืช ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืง. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ืชื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืชื›ื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื, ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืง, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ eulerpool ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื—ื“ื” ื•ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื, ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง.