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ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš

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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืž-2 ืื™ืจื•
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ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ
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ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜

ืฉืขืจ

3.52 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ +/-
-654,000 Tonnes
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ %
-17.00 %

ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ื‘-ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื 3.52 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes. ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ื‘-ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืจื“ ืœ-3.52 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.1.2025, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” 4.174 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.12.2024. ืž-1.4.1985 ืขื“ 1.1.2025, ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (ืชืž"ื’) ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘-ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื” 5.98 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes. ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.3.1997 ืขื 9.37 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืฉื ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.1.2024 ืขื 3.34 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes.

ืžืงื•ืจ: Japan Cement Association (JCA)

ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜

  • ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื

  • 25 ืฉื ื”

  • ืžืงืก

ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆืžื ื˜

ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ืชืืจื™ืšืขืจืš
1.1.20253.52 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.12.20244.174 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.11.20244.11 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.10.20244.088 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.9.20243.833 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.8.20243.604 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.7.20243.826 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.6.20243.979 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.5.20243.837 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
1.4.20243.59 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes
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48

ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ-ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜

ืฉืื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืงื•ื“ืืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
PMI ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื
33 points34 pointsืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ืืงืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™
14 points13 pointsืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
950.648 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ JPY1.04 ื‘ื™ื•. JPYื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
โ€Ž-3.5 %โ€Ž-0.8 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™
118.125 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ JPY116.146 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ JPYื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
โ€Ž-0.2 %8.1 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ื˜ื ืงืืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช
11.3 %10.6 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืœื“ื”
6.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnes6.8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ Tonnesื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘
592,453 Units648,851 Unitsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™
2.6 %โ€Ž-1.6 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ
โ€Ž-1.1 %โ€Ž-0.3 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ื™ื”
1.7 %โ€Ž-1.6 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืžื“ื“ PMI ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”
48.3 points49 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืžื“ื“ PMI ืžืจื•ื›ื‘
48.5 points52 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืžื“ื“ ื”ื”ืชืืžื”
116.1 points116 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืžื“ื“ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื ื™ืช
101.6 points101.9 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืžื“ื“ ืกืงืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
โ€Ž-2.4 %6.3 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืžื“ื“ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก ื˜ื ืงืืŸ
โ€Ž-1 points3 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืžื—ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื
108.3 points107.9 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืžื—ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
99.717 points99.788 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
1 points0 pointsืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช
105.3 points100.8 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืกืงืจ ืฆื•ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
45.6 points48.6 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืกืงืจ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™
46.6 points48.6 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืจื’ืœ
764 Companies840 Companiesื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
28.692 ื‘ื™ื•. JPY23.012 ื‘ื™ื•. JPYืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืจื›ื‘
234,257 Units216,664 Unitsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื™
95.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ JPY1.34 ื‘ื™ื•. JPYืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื“ื“ PMI
49.5 points53.7 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื˜ื ืงืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
13 points14 pointsืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”
2.2 %โ€Ž-2.2 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต
ืชืฆืคื™ืช Tankan ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื
28 points28 pointsืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ

ื“ืคื™ ืžืืงืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ ืืกื™ื”

ืžื”ื• ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜

ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘-eulerpool ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื•ืžืงื™ืคื”. ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื, ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ, ื—ื™ืžืจ, ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืืœื• ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืขืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘ ืžืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื. ื‘-eulerpool ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจืš ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜ ื”ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช. ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชื ื•ืจื™ื. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜. ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžืฉื—ืงืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื˜. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžื” ืฉื’ื ืชื•ืจื ืœืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ. ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื“ื’ืฉ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช. ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืŸ ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™, ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืžืœื˜. ืžื ื’ื“, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื˜ ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื. ื‘-eulerpool ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื›ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื™ื. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœื˜ ื”ื•ื ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื, ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข. ื‘-eulerpool ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืœื˜ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘-eulerpool ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื˜ ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื“ืžื• ืืชื›ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.