Floating Rate Notes (FRNs), commonly known as Floater Bonds, are debt instruments with variable interest rates that are adjusted periodically, making them responsive to changes in market conditions.

These securities are issued by various entities, including governments, corporations, and financial institutions, to raise capital. Unlike fixed-rate bonds, FRNs provide investors with the opportunity to benefit from shifting interest rates. Floating Rate Notes typically have a two-fold structure consisting of a reference interest rate, such as LIBOR (London InterBank Offered Rate), and a fixed spread. The reference interest rate, which serves as a baseline, is periodically reset based on prevailing market rates. The fixed spread, on the other hand, remains constant for the duration of the FRN. The sum of these two components determines the interest payable to bondholders. The main advantage of investing in Floating Rate Notes is their ability to mitigate interest rate risk. Since their interest payments adjust periodically, FRNs offer protection against adverse movements in interest rates. As rates rise, the coupon paid to investors also increases, ensuring a relatively stable investment return even in volatile markets. This characteristic makes FRNs an attractive investment option when interest rates are expected to rise. Additionally, the floating rate structure of these notes serves as a hedge against inflation. Inflation erodes the purchasing power of fixed-rate investments, such as traditional bonds. However, by linking interest payments to prevailing market rates, FRNs provide investors with a potential safeguard against inflationary pressures. Floating Rate Notes are generally more complex than fixed-rate bonds, requiring investors to carefully evaluate the creditworthiness of issuers before investing. Credit rating agencies play a significant role in assessing the credit quality of FRNs, providing investors with a measure of the issuer's ability to meet its debt obligations. Higher-rated FRNs generally offer lower yields due to their lower credit risk.