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ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš

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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืž-2 ืื™ืจื•
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ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด

ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (ืชืž"ื’) ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื”

ืฉืขืจ

1.651 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ +/-
+69 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ NOK
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ %
+4.27 %

ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืž"ื’ ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘-ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ื 1.651 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK. ื”ืชืž"ื’ ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘-ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื” ืขืœื” ืœ-1.651 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK ื‘-1.12.2024, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” 1.582 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK ื‘-1.9.2024. ืž-1.3.1978 ืขื“ 1.12.2024, ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืชืž"ื’ ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘-ื ื•ืจื•ื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” 2.02 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK. ื”ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘-1.6.2008 ืขื 3.28 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืฉื ื‘-1.12.1982 ืขื 1.08 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK.

ืžืงื•ืจ: Statistics Norway

ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (ืชืž"ื’) ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื”

  • ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื

  • 25 ืฉื ื”

  • ืžืงืก

ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื”

ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (ืชืž"ื’) ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ืชืืจื™ืšืขืจืš
1.12.20241.651 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.9.20241.582 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.6.20241.65 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.3.20241.516 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.12.20231.618 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.9.20231.638 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.6.20231.607 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.3.20231.692 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.12.20221.619 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
1.9.20221.695 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK
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3
4
5
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ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ-ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (ืชืž"ื’) ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื”

ืฉืื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืงื•ื“ืืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืคื˜
โ€Ž-0.4 %0.5 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื’ื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช
258.338 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK257.874 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืชื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืœืื”
2.1 %0.1 %ืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ
โ€Ž-0.6 %โ€Ž-1.6 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™
โ€Ž-0.3 %3.7 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
68.004 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK67.547 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™
485.53 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USD593.73 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืœื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืงื ื™ื™ื”
90,160.158 USD90,756.896 USDืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช
5.929 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK6.922 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
โ€Ž-0.1 %โ€Ž-0.1 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœื ืคืฉ
78,912.33 USD79,434.63 USDืฉื ืชื™
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
8.088 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK8.084 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชื•ืฆืจ ื ืืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™
1.361 ื‘ื™ื•. NOK1.349 ื‘ื™ื•. NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชืž"ื’ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื
1.452 ื‘ื™ื•. NOK1.461 ื‘ื™ื•. NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชืž"ื’ ืžื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
72.504 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK72.885 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ด
ืชืž"ื’ ืžืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
57.173 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOK58.072 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ NOKืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ

ื“ืคื™ ืžืืงืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”

ืžื”ื• ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (ืชืž"ื’) ืžื›ืจื™ื™ื”

ืชืคื•ืงื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช. ื ืชื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ื•ืช "ืชื•ืฆืจ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื”" (GDP from Mining), ืžืกืคืง ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืชืจื•ืžืชื” ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืžื“ื“ ืชื•ืฆืจ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (GDP). ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ืชื™ืช: ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืžืชื›ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืคื—ื, ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืชืงื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืืงืจื• ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”, ืงื ื“ื”, ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ืชื— ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™. ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื, ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืกื™ื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ืจืช ื™ื“ืข, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ื›ืš ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืฉื“ืจื’ืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืžื›ื ื™ ื•ื’ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื”. ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื—ื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืคืจื•ืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืืœื ื’ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืคืชื— ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืชื•ืจื’ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื”. ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืจ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื”. ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื•ืงืจืงืข, ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ื ืื•ืชื•ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืชื•ืฆืจ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื. ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ืคื˜, ื”ื’ื– ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ืคื˜ ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ืืชืจ eulerpool ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืืงืจื• ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. eulerpool ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืชื•ืฆืจ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืžืกืคืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ื”ืืชืจ eulerpool ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืกืคืง ืœื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื— ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.