ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš

23,8 % ร˜-Performance der Fair-Value-Strategie seit 2003
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืž-2 ืื™ืจื•
Analyse
ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท

ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื” ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช

ืฉืขืจ

96.6 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ +/-
-4.2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ %
-4.26 %

ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘-ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื” ื”ื•ื 96.6 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘-ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื” ื™ืจื“ ืœ-96.6 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘-1.4.2025, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” 100.8 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘-1.3.2025. ืž-1.1.2007 ืขื“ 1.4.2025, ื”ืชืœ"ื’ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘-ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” 99.98 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘-1.1.2011 ืขื 114.4 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืฉื ื‘-1.4.2020 ืขื 52 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.

ืžืงื•ืจ: Turkish Statistical Institute

ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช

  • ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื

  • 25 ืฉื ื”

  • ืžืงืก

ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช

ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ืชืืจื™ืšืขืจืš
1.4.202596.6 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.3.2025100.8 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.2.202599.2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.1.202599.7 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.12.202498.9 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.11.202497.2 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.10.202498.1 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.9.202495 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.8.202493.1 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1.7.202494.4 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
1
2
3
4
5
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22

ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ-ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช

ืฉืื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืงื•ื“ืืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื
84.8 points83.9 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™
13.614 ื‘ื™ื•. TRY13.055 ื‘ื™ื•. TRYื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื
480.177 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ TRY447.912 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ TRYืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื
4.041 ื‘ื™ื•. TRY3.923 ื‘ื™ื•. TRYื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™
9.6 % of GDP9.8 % of GDPืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื“ืœืง
1.19 USD/Liter1.25 USD/Literื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ (MoM)
โ€Ž-1.4 %1.2 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท
ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช
9.2 %12.2 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™

ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืžื“ื“ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืžืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ื”ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื’ื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืงืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืชืชื™-ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืžื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื, ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœืขื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ (ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช), ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืžืกื—ืจ ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื“ื“ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื“ื“ ืžืขืœ 100, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืคืกื™ืžื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื“ื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-100.

ื“ืคื™ ืžืืงืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ ืืกื™ื”

ืžื”ื• ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช

ืื ื’ืžื“ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื, ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื. ืžื“ื“ ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ืื ื”ืžืฉืง ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืื• ื ืกื™ื’ื”, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ืจืžืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื, ืžื“ื“ ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื. ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืœืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืจื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืง. ืžื“ื“ ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืขืกืงื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื•ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืกืชืžืš ื’ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™, ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื. ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื“ื“ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•, Eulerpool. ื‘ืืชืจ Eulerpool ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืืงืจื• ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืคืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื ื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชืž"ื’ (ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™), ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกื—ืจ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื ืื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืกืคืง ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืคืง ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืืžื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ื™ ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ืง. ืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื“ื“ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘. ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื“ื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•, Eulerpool, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื”, ืขื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื•ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืžื“ื“ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืจื—ื‘. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืชืจ Eulerpool ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืžืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื“ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ืง.