ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš

23,8 % ร˜-Performance der Fair-Value-Strategie seit 2003
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืž-2 ืื™ืจื•
Analyse
ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ

ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

ืฉืขืจ

3.7 %
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ +/-
+0 %
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ %
+0 %

ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘-ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื•ื 3.7 %. ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘-ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื™ืจื“ื” ืœ-3.7 % ื‘-1.4.2025, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” 3.7 % ื‘-1.3.2025. ื‘ื™ืŸ 1.3.1950 ืœ-1.4.2025, ื”ืชืž"ื’ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘-ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื” 4.45 %. ื”ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘-1.6.1980 ืขื 18.09 %, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืฉื ื‘-1.2.2010 ืขื 0.57 %.

ืžืงื•ืจ: Bureau of Labor Statistics

ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

  • ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื

  • 25 ืฉื ื”

  • ืžืงืก

ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ืชืืจื™ืšืขืจืš
1.4.20253.7 %
1.3.20253.7 %
1.2.20254.1 %
1.1.20254.2 %
1.12.20244.4 %
1.11.20244.5 %
1.10.20244.7 %
1.9.20244.7 %
1.8.20244.8 %
1.7.20244.9 %
1
2
3
4
5
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85

ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ-ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

ืฉืื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืงื•ื“ืืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
CPI ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
272.503 points270.061 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
PPI ืœืœื ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืกื—ืจ
135.406 points135.556 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
โ€Ž-3.7 %โ€Ž-3.3 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ
2.8 %3 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ
โ€Ž-0.5 %0 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช
4 %4 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ PCE ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื™
2.1 %2.3 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช (Core PCE Price Index)
125.221 points125.076 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ (CPI)
320.795 points319.799 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”
326.43 points325.659 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชื™
2.5 %2.7 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ PCE - ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
0.1 %0 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”-PCE
125.88 points125.754 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืœืœื ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
โ€Ž-0.1 %0.2 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ PCE MoM
0.1 %0.1 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืคืงื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืœื ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืกื—ืจ YoY
2.9 %3.5 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
3.6 %2.4 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืืžืช ืขื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช
320.321 points319.615 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช
344.801 points343.512 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ืชื™
3.1 %4 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื“ื™ืืŸ-CPI
3.5 %3.5 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ PCE ืœื™ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
3.4 %2.6 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื
141.8 points141.6 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ
0.1 %โ€Ž-0.4 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช
0.1 %0.8 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆื•ื
152.8 points152.6 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆื•ื YoY
2 %2.6 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆื•ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
0.1 %0.1 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆืจืŸ
147.677 points148.374 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืงื•ืจ.
146.41 points147.061 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ
โ€Ž-0.4 %0.4 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื—ืชื•ืš ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ
3 %3 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืžืคืœื˜ ื”ืชืž"ื’
127.41 points126.26 pointsืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ
2.4 %3.4 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”
2.3 %2.4 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ
0.2 %0.1 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ื™ืช
2.8 %2.8 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
0.2 %โ€Ž-0.1 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืชื•ื—ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”
3.6 %3.6 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืชื•ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ืœ-5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ
4.2 %4.4 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ
6.6 %6.5 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ
ืชื™ืง ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™
1.8 %1.8 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™

ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” 57% ืžืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ.

ื“ืคื™ ืžืืงืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ ืืžืจื™ืงื”

ืžื”ื• ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื

ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืืงืจื•. ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•, Eulerpool, ืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืžื™ืง ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืืงืจื• ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืคืง ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืœืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืคื ืื™. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืžืฉืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืง ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง. ื”ื™ื ื ืžื“ื“ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ (CPI), ืืฉืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื’ื ืืช ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ'ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื'. ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ ืขืงื‘ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ืื• ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื”ืกืคืงื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื. ื’ื•ืจื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ. ืื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš. ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ืช. ื›ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขื•ืœื™ื, ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื. ืœืขื ืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘. ื’ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•. ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”. ื›ืš, ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื—ืฆื™ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื”ื™ืฉืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื™ืชื•ืŸ. ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืชืจ Eulerpool ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื•ืžืกืคืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžื’ืžื•ืช, ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช, ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื ืกื‘ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื‘-Eulerpool, ืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื’ื ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืกืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื• ื‘-Eulerpool ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืืงืจื• ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.