ืขืฉื ืืช ืืืฉืงืขืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืชืจ ืฉื ืืืื
ืกืคืจื ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื
ืฉืขืจ
ืืขืจื ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ื-ืกืคืจื ืืื 20,776.873 Gigawatt-hour. ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ื-ืกืคืจื ืืจื ื-20,776.873 Gigawatt-hour ืืชืืจืื 1.4.2025, ืืืืจ ืฉืืื 24,166.349 Gigawatt-hour ืืชืืจืื 1.3.2025. ืืื ืืชืืจืืืื 1.1.2008 ื-1.4.2025, ืืชืืฆืจ ืืืงืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืฆืข ื-ืกืคืจื ืืื 22,815.94 Gigawatt-hour. ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืฉื ืืชืืจืื 1.1.2008 ืขื 27,405 Gigawatt-hour, ืืขืื ืืขืจื ืื ืืื ืืืืชืจ ื ืจืฉื ืืชืืจืื 1.4.2020 ืขื 17,470.07 Gigawatt-hour.
ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ยท
ืฉืืืฉ ืฉื ืื
ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื
ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ืื
25 ืฉื ื
ืืงืก
| ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื | |
|---|---|
| 1.1.2008 | 27,405 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2008 | 25,549 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2008 | 26,248 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2008 | 24,813 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2008 | 23,847 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2008 | 24,313 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2008 | 26,699 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2008 | 23,249 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2008 | 24,346 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2008 | 24,501 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2008 | 24,979 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2008 | 25,635 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2009 | 27,113 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2009 | 23,376 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2009 | 23,154 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2009 | 21,086 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2009 | 22,013 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2009 | 23,326 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2009 | 26,099 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2009 | 24,634 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2009 | 23,637 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2009 | 23,495 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2009 | 23,509 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2009 | 25,235 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2010 | 26,561 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2010 | 24,695 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2010 | 25,712 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2010 | 22,674 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2010 | 23,175 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2010 | 23,412 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2010 | 26,740 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2010 | 24,758 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2010 | 24,033 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2010 | 23,998 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2010 | 24,772 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2010 | 26,078 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2011 | 26,648 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2011 | 23,768 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2011 | 25,832 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2011 | 22,379 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2011 | 22,697 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2011 | 23,419 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2011 | 24,851 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2011 | 24,207 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2011 | 23,824 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2011 | 22,771 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2011 | 23,215 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2011 | 24,489 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2012 | 26,028 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2012 | 26,667 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2012 | 24,589 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2012 | 22,955 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2012 | 23,267 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2012 | 23,750 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2012 | 24,788 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2012 | 24,874 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2012 | 23,392 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2012 | 23,568 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2012 | 23,153 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2012 | 24,733 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2013 | 25,369 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2013 | 23,458 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2013 | 24,380 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2013 | 21,599 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2013 | 21,779 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2013 | 21,733 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2013 | 25,201 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2013 | 23,457 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2013 | 22,687 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2013 | 22,658 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2013 | 23,282 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2013 | 24,594 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2014 | 24,605 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2014 | 22,966 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2014 | 23,235 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2014 | 22,069 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2014 | 21,803 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2014 | 22,037 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2014 | 23,943 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2014 | 22,891 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2014 | 23,115 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2014 | 22,426 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2014 | 21,812 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2014 | 23,998 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2015 | 25,430 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2015 | 22,564 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2015 | 22,420 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2015 | 20,490 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2015 | 21,295 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2015 | 21,965 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2015 | 25,595 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2015 | 23,077 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2015 | 21,443 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2015 | 21,079 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2015 | 21,166 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2015 | 21,563 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2016 | 22,668 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2016 | 21,729 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2016 | 23,109 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2016 | 21,736 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2016 | 20,626 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2016 | 20,615 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2016 | 22,938 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2016 | 22,089 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2016 | 21,227 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2016 | 21,824 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2016 | 21,771 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2016 | 21,906 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2017 | 25,249.01 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2017 | 20,998.09 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2017 | 21,153.27 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2017 | 19,292.51 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2017 | 20,409.32 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2017 | 22,086.89 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2017 | 22,809.94 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2017 | 21,696.57 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2017 | 20,321.97 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2017 | 21,485.34 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2017 | 22,739.93 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2017 | 24,326.47 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2018 | 22,903.29 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2018 | 21,859.41 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2018 | 24,330.06 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2018 | 20,807.36 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2018 | 20,178.53 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2018 | 19,833.32 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2018 | 21,810.71 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2018 | 22,321.13 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2018 | 21,045.76 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2018 | 22,103.06 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2018 | 22,231.35 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2018 | 21,647.22 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2019 | 24,569.18 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2019 | 20,564.79 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2019 | 20,870.74 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2019 | 19,802.02 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2019 | 20,591.89 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2019 | 21,190.15 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2019 | 23,635.01 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2019 | 22,456.02 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2019 | 21,372.52 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2019 | 21,031.03 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2019 | 22,616.25 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2019 | 22,320.24 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2020 | 22,727.16 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2020 | 20,317.69 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2020 | 20,999.79 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2020 | 17,470.07 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2020 | 17,967.8 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2020 | 19,263.27 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2020 | 23,927.94 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2020 | 22,539.55 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2020 | 21,331.11 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2020 | 20,913.6 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2020 | 19,839.15 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2020 | 23,663.72 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2021 | 24,301.48 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2021 | 21,133.41 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2021 | 22,092.64 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2021 | 19,890.79 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2021 | 20,459.57 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2021 | 19,852.58 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2021 | 22,428.39 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2021 | 21,553.11 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2021 | 20,649.08 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2021 | 20,602.79 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2021 | 22,979.25 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2021 | 23,532.68 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2022 | 24,288.37 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2022 | 21,081.85 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2022 | 22,723.44 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2022 | 21,735.88 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2022 | 22,139.8 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2022 | 23,209.27 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2022 | 26,367.46 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2022 | 25,240.85 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2022 | 23,653.93 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2022 | 21,941.57 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2022 | 21,554.67 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2022 | 22,197.58 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2023 | 23,799.38 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2023 | 21,588.72 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2023 | 23,969.66 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2023 | 21,439.06 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2023 | 21,477.78 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2023 | 21,238.52 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2023 | 23,582.53 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2023 | 23,498.44 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2023 | 20,758.01 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2023 | 20,881.03 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2023 | 21,579.96 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2023 | 22,562.74 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2024 | 23,353.41 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2024 | 22,154.67 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2024 | 22,427.75 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2024 | 21,070.26 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.5.2024 | 21,339.59 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.6.2024 | 21,503.44 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2024 | 24,219.5 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2024 | 23,350.64 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2024 | 21,610.83 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2024 | 21,741.06 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2024 | 20,694.2 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2024 | 22,815.72 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2025 | 24,779.69 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2025 | 21,949.72 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2025 | 24,166.35 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.4.2025 | 20,776.87 Gigawatt-hour |
ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ืืืกืืืจืื
| ืชืืจืื | ืขืจื |
|---|---|
| 1.4.2025 | 20,776.873 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.3.2025 | 24,166.349 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.2.2025 | 21,949.723 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.1.2025 | 24,779.694 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.12.2024 | 22,815.723 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.11.2024 | 20,694.199 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.10.2024 | 21,741.058 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.9.2024 | 21,610.829 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.8.2024 | 23,350.644 Gigawatt-hour |
| 1.7.2024 | 24,219.503 Gigawatt-hour |
ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืื ื-ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื
| ืฉื | ื ืืืื | ืงืืื | ืชืืืจืืช |
|---|---|---|---|
๐ช๐ธ ืืืฉืืจื ืจืืืื ืืฉืืืืื | 8,965 Units | 6,835 Units | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืงืืื ืขืกืงื | โ-5.2 points | โ-4.3 points | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืช | โ-6.8 points | โ-6 points | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืืฆืืจ ืจืื | 178,360 Units | 150,990 Units | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืืฆืืจ ืชืขืฉืืืชื | 0.3 % | 0.4 % | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืืฆืืจ ืชืขืฉืืืชื ืืืืืฉ | 0.6 % | โ-0.8 % | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืฆืืจ ืืจืืื | 6.6 % | 6.3 % | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืื PMI ืืชืขืฉืืื | 51.4 points | 50.5 points | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืื PMI ืืจืืื | 52.1 points | 51.4 points | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืืืื ืืืงืื ืืืจืื | 100.532 points | 100.658 points | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืืืืจื ืกืคืื ืืืฉืื | 99.63 EUR/MWh | 110.94 EUR/MWh | frequency_null |
๐ช๐ธ ืืืืจืืช ืืื ืจืื ืืืืืืช | 112,865 Units | 98,522 Units | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ื ืืฆืื ืงืืืืืช | 74.8 % | 76.4 % | ืจืืขืื |
๐ช๐ธ ืคืฉืืืืช ืจืื | 1,653 Companies | 1,984 Companies | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืจืืฉืืื ืจืื | 112,820 Units | 98,522 Units | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืจืืฉืืืื ืืืฉืื ืฉื ืจืืื ื ืืกืขืื YoY | 18.6 % | 7.1 % | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื | 2.076 ืืืืืืจื EUR | 2.692 ืืืืืืจื EUR | ืจืืขืื |
๐ช๐ธ ืฉืืจืืชื ืืื PMI | 51.9 points | 51.3 points | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืชืขืฉืืื | 1.7 % | 0.6 % | ืืืืฉื |
๐ช๐ธ ืชืขืฉืืืช ืืฆืื ื | 1.617 ืืืืืื Tonnes | 1.435 ืืืืืื Tonnes | ืืืืฉื |
ืืคื ืืืงืจื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืจืืช ื ืืืจืืคื
- ๐ฆ๐ฑืืืื ืื
- ๐ฆ๐นืืืกืืจืื
- ๐ง๐พืืืืจืืก
- ๐ง๐ชืืืืื
- ๐ง๐ฆืืืกื ืื ืืืจืฆืืืืื ื
- ๐ง๐ฌืืืืืจืื
- ๐ญ๐ทืงืจืืืืื
- ๐จ๐พืงืคืจืืกืื
- ๐จ๐ฟืจืคืืืืืงื ืฆ'ืืืช
- ๐ฉ๐ฐืื ืืจืง
- ๐ช๐ชืืกืืื ืื
- ๐ซ๐ดืืื ืคืืจื
- ๐ซ๐ฎืคืื ืื ื
- ๐ซ๐ทืฆืจืคืช
- ๐ฉ๐ชืืจืื ืื
- ๐ฌ๐ทืืืื
- ๐ญ๐บืืื ืืจืื
- ๐ฎ๐ธืื
- ๐ฎ๐ชืืืจืื ื
- ๐ฎ๐นืืืืืื
- ๐ฝ๐ฐืงืืกืืื
- ๐ฑ๐ปืืืืื
- ๐ฑ๐ฎืืืืื ืฉืืืื
- ๐ฑ๐นืืืื
- ๐ฑ๐บืืืงืกืืืืจื
- ๐ฒ๐ฐืฆืคืื ืืงืืื ืื
- ๐ฒ๐นืืืื
- ๐ฒ๐ฉืืืืืืื
- ๐ฒ๐จืืื ืืงื
- ๐ฒ๐ชืืื ืื ืืจื
- ๐ณ๐ฑืืืื ื
- ๐ณ๐ดื ืืจืืืืื
- ๐ต๐ฑืคืืืื
- ๐ต๐นืคืืจืืืื
- ๐ท๐ดืจืืื ืื
- ๐ท๐บืจืืกืื
- ๐ท๐ธืกืจืืื
- ๐ธ๐ฐืกืืืืงืื
- ๐ธ๐ฎืกืืืื ืื
- ๐ธ๐ชืฉืืืืื
- ๐จ๐ญืฉืืืืฅ
- ๐บ๐ฆืืืงืจืืื ื
- ๐ฌ๐งืืืืื ืืืืืืืช
- ๐ฆ๐ฉืื ืืืจื
ืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื
ืงืืืืจืืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืงืืืืจืืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืงืจื-ืืืืื, ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืืขืช ืืฉืืจืืช ืืืกืืก ืืชืฉืชืืช ืืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืื ืืช ืืืจืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืขืืื. ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืฉืืง ืชืคืงืื ืืจืืื ืืคืืชืื ืชืขืฉืืืชื, ืืืจืชืืช ืืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ืชืื ืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืงืืคื ืืืงืืจืืช ืื ืจืืื ืืืืื ืื. ื-eulerpool, ืคืืืคืืจืืช ืืฆืืช ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืืงืจื-ืืืืืืื, ืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืงืจืืืืช ืฉื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืกืคืงืื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืืืงืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืื. ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืช ืืชืืืืืื ืืืืจืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืจืืฉืืช ืืืืจืช ืืงืืจืืช ืื ืจืืื ืฉืื ืื, ืืืื ืืืงืื ืืืืื ืื, ืื ืจืืื ืืจืขืื ืืช, ืื ืจืืื ืืชืืืฉืช ืืืื ืฉืืฉ, ืจืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื. ืื ืืื ืืืงืืจืืช ืืื ืจืืื ืืืื ืืฆืื ืืชืจืื ืืช ืืืชืืจืื ืืืืืืืื ืืฉืื. ืืืืืื, ืืชืคืชืืืช ืืฉืืืืฉ ืืื ืจืืื ืืชืืืฉืช ืืชืืืืฃ ืืืืงืื ืืืืื ืื ืงืฉืืจื ืื ืจืง ืืืกืคืงืืื ืืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืกืคืงืืื ืกืืืืชืืื ืืืจืืืืชืืื. ืืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืฆื ืืชืืืื ืฉื ืฉืื ืื ืืชืืื ืืขืงืืืช ืืืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืืช, ืจืืืืฆืื ืืืฉืืชืืช ืืืืืฅ ืืืืืจ ืืืคืืชืช ืืืืขืช ืืจืื ืืคืืื ืืช. ืืฉื ื ืืกืคืจ ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืฉืคืืขืื ืขื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืื ืืช. ืืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืขืืืืืช ืืืืฆืืจ, ืชืคืืงืช ืืืฉืื, ื ืคื ืืฆืจืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืชืืื. ืืื ืืืืืจืืื ืืืฉืืขืืชืืื ืืืืชืจ ืืงืืืขืช ืืืืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืงืื ืืืฉืืฉืื ืืืคืงืช ืืืฉืื. ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืจื ืื, ื ืคื ืืคืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืคืืข ืืจืืืืช ืขื ืขืืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืขื ืืืืืจื ืฉื ืืงืืจืืช ืืื ืจืืื ืืืืขืืคืื. ืืืืืื, ืขืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืงืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืจ ืืช ืืืืงืืฉ ืืื ืจืืื ืืชืืืฉืช ืืืขืืจืจ ืืืฉื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืืช ืืชืืื ืื. ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืชืืื ืื ืืชืืืื ืืืฉืืชืืช ืืืืงืืจืืช ืืืืื. ืืืฉืืืช ืจืืืช ืืกืคืงืืช ืกืืืกืืืืืช ืืชืืจืืฆืื ืืืืืืื ืืงืืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืชืืืฉืช, ืืืืจื ืืขืืื ืืืขืื ืืงืืืืืช ืืืคืืชืช ืืคืืืืืช. ืืืืื ืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืชืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืื ืจืืืืฆืื ืืชืงื ืืช ืกืืืืชืืืช ืฉืื ืืืงืจืื ืจืืื ืืืจื ืืคืชื ืืงืืืขืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืฉืงืขืืช ืืฉืืง ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื. ืืืืงืืฉ ืืืฉืื ืฆืคืื ืืืืื ืืขืฉืืจืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืขืงืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืืืกืืื ืืืคืืชืื ืืชืขืฉืืืชื, ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืชืคืชืืืช. ืืืืงืืฉ ืืืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืชืื ืฆืืจื ืืืืฉื ืืช ืืืืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ืืขืื ืืืชืจ ืืืงืืื. ืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืฉื ืืืช ืืื ืจืฉืชืืช ืืืืืช, ืืืืจืช ืื ืจืืื ืืืืฆืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืกืคืงืืช ืคืชืจืื ืืช ืืืืขืื ื ืืฆืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืคืงืชื. ืืฉืคืขืช ืืืฉืืจ ืืืงืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืฉืืขืืชื ืืืฉืคืืข ืขื ืืืืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื, ืืืื ืืฉื ื ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืคืืช ืืช ืืืฉืคืขืืช ืืกืืืืชืืืช ืฉื ืืงืืจืืช ืืื ืจืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืคืชืจืื ืืช ืืืชืืืืื. ืืคืืชืช ืืคืืืืืช ืืคืืื ืืืช ืืฉืืืจื ืขื ืงืืืืืช ืกืืืืชืืช ืืคืืชืื ืืืืื ืืจ-ืงืืืื ืื ืืืจืืช ืืจืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืช ืจืืืช. ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืืืืช ืืชืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืื ืืช ืืช ืืจืฆืืช ืืืจืืช, ืกืื ืืืืื, ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืชืืจืื ืืืืืืืื ืืชืืื ืื. ืืืืืช ืืืืืืืืืฆืื ืืืืืืืช ืืฉืืชืืฃ ืคืขืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืจืื ืฉื ืคืจืืืงืืื ืืืืงืจืื ืืคืืชืื ืืงืืจืืช ืื ืจืืื ืืืืคืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืืช ืืืฉืืช. ื-eulerpool ืื ื ืืฆืืืื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืงืจื-ืืืืืืื ืืงืืคืื ืืชืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื, ืืืืืืื ื ืชืื ื ืชืคืืงื, ืขืืืืืช, ืฆืจืืื ืืืฉืงืขืืช. ืื ืชืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืกืคืงืื ื ืืขืื ืืกืคืง ืืืฉืชืืฉืื ืืื ืืงืฆืืขื ืืืขืืืื ืขื ืืืืืช ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื, ืืืช ืืืื ืืืคืฉืจ ืงืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืกืกืช ื ืชืื ืื ืื ืืชืื ืืืืื ืืขืืืง. ืืคืืจืื ืฉืื ื ืืจืื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืงืืจืืช ืืืื ืื ืืืขืืืื ืื ืืืืคื ืฉืืืฃ, ืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืื ืืืืฆืืื ืืืื ืจืืืื ืืืื ืืืกืคืง ืชืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืช ืืื ืืืคืฉืจ. ืืฆืืืช ืืืงืฆืืขื ืฉืื ื ืืชืืื ืืชืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืืฆืข ื ืืชืืืื ืืงืืคืื ืขื ืืกืืก ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืชืงืืืื, ืืืืจื ืืืขืืืง ืืช ืืืื ื ืืืืืืช ืืืชืืืืืื ืืืฉืคืืขืื ืขื ืชืืื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืืื. ืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืชื ืืืืืช ืืช ืืจื-ืืื ืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืข ืฉ-eulerpool ืืฆืืขื, ืืืืฉืชืืฉ ืืืืื ืืืชืงืืืื ืฉืื ื ืืื ืืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืื ืืืชืจ ืืช ืืืืจืืื ืืืฉืคืืขืื ืขื ืืืฆืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืขืชืืืืืช ืืชืืื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืื ืื.