ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš

ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืž-2 ืื™ืจื•
Analyse
ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ
๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฉ

ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” (YoY)

ืฉืขืจ

5.76 %
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ +/-
+2.6 %
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ %
+58.30 %

ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื‘-ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื” ื”ื•ื 5.76 %. ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื‘-ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื” ืขืœื” ืœ-5.76 % ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.4.2025, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” 3.16 % ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.3.2025. ืž-1.1.1961 ืขื“ 1.4.2025, ื”ืชืž"ื’ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘-ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” 13.62 %. ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.2.1974 ืขื 518 %, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืฉื ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš 1.9.1964 ืขื โ€Ž-52.1 %.

ืžืงื•ืจ: Statistics Indonesia

ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” (YoY)

  • ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื

  • ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื

  • 25 ืฉื ื”

  • ืžืงืก

ื™ืฆื•ื YoY

ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” (YoY) ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ืชืืจื™ืšืขืจืš
1.4.20255.76 %
1.3.20253.16 %
1.2.202513.86 %
1.1.20254.56 %
1.12.20244.78 %
1.11.20249.14 %
1.10.202410.28 %
1.9.20246.44 %
1.8.20246.56 %
1.7.20246.46 %
1
2
3
4
5
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51

ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœ-ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” (YoY)

ืฉืื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืงื•ื“ืืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช
๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฉ
ืื™ื ื“ืงืก ื˜ืจื•ืจ
4.17 Points3.993 Pointsืฉื ืชื™
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ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช
3.744 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USD4.074 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช
4.139 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USD4.075 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช
230.4 IDR Trillion245.8 IDR Trillionืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช YoY
12.7 %33.3 %ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื–ืจื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ
โ€Ž-327 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ USD9.652 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื—ื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืฅ
430.358 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USD426.034 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ื™ื‘ื•ืื™ื
20.585 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USD18.92 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ื™ื‘ื•ืื™ื YoY
21.84 %5.34 %ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™
577 BBL/D/1K578 BBL/D/1Kื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฉ
ื™ืฆื•ืื™ื
20.744 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USD23.247 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืžืื’ืจื™ ื–ื”ื‘
78.57 Tonnes78.57 Tonnesืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™
โ€Ž-0.63 % of GDPโ€Ž-0.15 % of GDPืฉื ืชื™
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ืžืื–ืŸ ืžืกื—ืจื™
150 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ USD4.33 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืžืื–ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื
โ€Ž-177 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ USDโ€Ž-1.127 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ USDืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ
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ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืฉืง
17 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ SIPRI TIV9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ SIPRI TIVืฉื ืชื™
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ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื•
1.165 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 841,030 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™
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ืชื ืื™ ืžืกื—ืจ
113.2 points112.05 pointsื—ื•ื“ืฉื™

ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืื• ื‘-2012, ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™. ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ: ื ืคื˜ ื•ื’ื– (12.4 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืกืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื, ืžืชื•ื›ื ื’ื– 6.9 ืื—ื•ื–, ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ 4.3 ืื—ื•ื– ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื ืคื˜ 1.2 ืื—ื•ื–); ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ ื•ืžื”ืฆื•ืžื— (14 ืื—ื•ื–); ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื (10.45 ืื—ื•ื–). ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ: ื”ื ืขืœื”, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” (3.4 ืื—ื•ื–), ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ืกืจื•ื’ (3 ืื—ื•ื–) ื•ืขืคืจื•ืช, ืกื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืืคืจ (2.5 ืื—ื•ื–). ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ื: ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช (11.6 ืื—ื•ื–), ืกื™ืŸ (10 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืกืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื), ื™ืคืŸ (9.9 ืื—ื•ื–), ื”ื•ื“ื• (8.8 ืื—ื•ื–) ื•ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ (7 ืื—ื•ื–).

ื“ืคื™ ืžืืงืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ ืืกื™ื”

ืžื”ื• ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” (YoY)

ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™ (Exports YoY) ื‘ืืชืจ Eulerpool ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” 'ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™' (Exports YoY) ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื”. ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘-Eulerpool, ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื™ืฆื•ื (Exports) ื”ื•ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (ืชืœ"ื’) ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ื“ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘-Eulerpool ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™ ืžื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืงืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืฉืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืชืจื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ื ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื“ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื—ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื‘-Eulerpool ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื ื• ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ 'ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™' ื‘ืืชืจ Eulerpool, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืกื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ื ื’ื ื›ืœื™ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ืง ืื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืชืคืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื•, ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืจืžื™ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื. ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ Eulerpool, ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ืืชืจ Eulerpool ื™ืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™, ืขื ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื’ืจืคื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื. ืื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช 'ื™ืฆื•ื ืฉื ืชื™' ื‘ืืชืจ Eulerpool ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืจื‘ ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืžืœืื”. ืื ื• ื‘-Eulerpool ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ื ื ื“ื‘ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจื’ื– ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืืชืจื ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ืชื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื.